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Construction BlogFraming toolsThere are many tools that framers use everyday.the most common tools that framers or carpenters use everyday are: Layout tape measure Steel tape measure Chalk line Folding rule Carpenters pencil Combination square Sliding T. bevel Dividers Framing or Carpenter square Carpenters level Torpedo level Scratch awl Construction calculator Handsaw's Joiner plane Wood chisel cold chisel Utility knife Bar clamp Ripping, and framing hammers Ripping, and pry bars Nail set Circular saws Table saws Radial arm saws Miter saws Jigsaws Reciprocating saws Corded drills Routers Portable belt sanders Power centers Grinders Jointers Planers Plate Joiner's Nail guns Air compressors Air hoses Metal FramingAs in wood construction, the frame is the supporting structure of a metal frame house. It supports the weight of a house and defines its shape. The frame includes the side walls, end walls, floor and ceiling joists, and roof frame. Inline framing is typically used in metal frame construction. Inline framing alines all vertical and horizontal loadbearing structural members. Because the members are aligned, all axial loads are transferred from the roof through the walls and floor joists to the foundation. The axial load is the load carried along the length of the structural member. The foundation acts as an anchor, as well as a support, for the frame of the house. The foundation may be concrete slab on grade, poured concrete walls, or concrete block walls. Steel FramingAs in wood construction, the frame is the supporting structure of a steel frame house. It supports the weight of a house and defines its shape. The frame includes the side walls, end walls, floor and ceiling joists, and roof frame. Inline framing is typically used in steel frame construction. Inline framing alines all vertical and horizontal loadbearing structural members. Because the members are aligned, all axial loads are transferred from the roof through the walls and floor joists to the foundation. The axial load is the load carried along the length of the structural member. The foundation acts as an anchor, as well as a support, for the frame of the house. The foundation may be concrete slab on grade, poured concrete walls, or concrete block walls. woodworking toolsa wide variety of hand tools is necessary for building a house. Some, such as a steel tape measure, are used by all trades. Others are used primarily by one trade. A framing square, for example, is used mostly by carpenters. Most professionals recommend purchasing tools of the highest quality you can afford. High-quality tools work better, hold an edge longer, and are more durable. Also, buying a good tool that will last is more cost effective than replacing a cheaper tool several times. Good tools should be cared for properly. Keep them in a toolbox when not in use. Do not leave tools outdoors in wet or damp weather. Inspect hand tools regularly for signs of wear or damage. Keep cutting edges sharp. If the tool cannot be repaired, replace it. Some of these woodworking tools include: Layout tape measure Steel tape measure Chalk line Folding rule Carpenters pencil Combination square Sliding T. bevel Dividers Framing or Carpenter square Carpenters level Torpedo level Scratch awl Construction calculator Handsaw's Joiner plane Wood chisel cold chisel Utility knife Bar clamp Ripping, and framing hammers Ripping, and pry bars Nail set Circular saws Table saws Radial arm saws Miter saws Jigsaws Reciprocating saws Corded drills Routers Portable belt sanders Power centers Grinders Jointers Planers Plate Joiner's Nail guns Air compressors Air hoses Deck buildingDecking usually runs parallel to the house. However, this is primarily for installation convenience and appearance. It is not a requirement. Decking is supported by joists and usually runs perpendicular to them. decks are governed by local building codes as well as zoning restrictions. Building codes are concerned with such details as: The span of the beams, joists, and decking. The diameter and of the foundation piers. The design of railings and steps. The decks connection to the house. Construction details for the deck should be included in the construction drawings for the house. The location of the deck would show up in a plan view. Assembly details would be included on a detail she. Zoning ordinance is up that deck location. These restrictions differ from community to community. However, they specify the minimum allowed Hubble distance between the deck in such features as a street, lot lines, septic systems, wells, and utility easements. They may also limit the height of a deck. How to install tileInstalling tile is a fairly simple procedure, if the right steps are taken to ensure nice square tile layout. the first thing to do is lay down the underlayermeant. Make sure the nail the underlayerment every foot or so or you screws so it doesn't come up. When you lay the underlayermeant make sure that you let horizontal to the subfloor. Next snap a few lines each direction to make sure that the tile will be square all walls. For example if the tile on the end wall goes from 1 inch to 3 inches split the difference on the other wall. Or gain on the grout line so as where not to notice. Next we want to do is mix the thinset mortar. Make sure you have the right amount water. This will be indicated on the package that you are mixing. Use a potato masher, makes a mud for about 10 to 15 minutes. Take a quarter inch trowel and work the mortar evenly over the floor, countertop or wall. Next position the tiles into the mortar evenly so the tiles set. After you set of five or so tiles set spacers in their so that the tiles don't move as you work your way around the room or countertop or bathroom wall. These spacers are critical on wall tiles as gravity will want to pull them off the wall. After the tiles have been installed. The next step is to grout the tile using a grouting trowel. Work the grout into the spaces flush to the top of the tiles surface. Let the grout set for a few weeks and then seal the grout and the tile. That's how to install tile. How to frameLearning how to frame takes years of practice, and after many years one still might not know everything there is to know about framing. The best way to learn how to frame his on-the-job. Via Carpenter that has been framing for many years passing the trade down to the apprentice. Framing walls, floors and roofs are the three major steps on how to frame. Framing is rough carpentry, so you must know how to use a saw, nail guns and power tools. One framing walls the studs are laid out every 16 inches and nailed to a single bottom plate and two top plates. When framing floors the joists a rollover girders which are usually 4 x 8 or LVL's, and then the subfloor sheeting is applied over that horizontally. The last thing's to be constructed are the rafters, which are commonly trusses nowadays. The trusses are rolled, then they are blocked, then the fascia is hung. After this the sheeting is then applied as in the same manner as a floor or wall sheathing. How to frame, takes years of practice, although one could learn how to frame through a book the best way to learn how to frame is by watching experience carpenters on the job work in their various tasks. This way you will understand completely why they do the things they do the way that they do it. Building permitsAreas covered by building codes, you must obtain a building permit before beginning construction of a house. A building permit is a formal, printed authorization for the builder to begin construction. To obtain one, the builder must submit a full set of working drawings, called plans, to the local building department. Plans show exactly how a house will be built. Small remodeling projects may not require a permit, but construction of a new house or an addition almost always does. Check with your local building department for permit requirements. There can be substantial penalties for building without a building permit. The building department examines the plans to ensure that they meet the local codes. If they do, the builder is issued a permit, which must be posted on the building site throughout construction. The cost of a building permit is usually based on the estimated cost of construction. A key points during construction, a city or county building inspector will visit the job site to examine the work. The inspections vary from county to town. They often include an examination of footing trenches and foundation forms, framing, wiring, plumbing, and insulation. The builder must contact the building department to schedule an inspection when each part of the job is complete, and before it is covered by other work. The inspector can require that the work be done over if it does not meet building codes. If the work is passed inspection, the inspector will initial or sign off the work on the green card. When the house is complete, one last inspection is made. If there are no problems, a certificate of occupancy is issued. This states that the house is ready to live in. Bathroom designThe basic arrangement of cabinets in any room is shown on the building plans. In many cases, these plans provide only general information about the cabinets, appliances, and related plumbing. The choice of specific cabinets is then made at a later date by the builder or the client. A professional kitchen or bathroom designer might review the plans at this stage and make recommendations. The design are usually develops computer-generated renderings showing exactly how the kitchen would love to with a particular style or brand of cabinetry. Many home centers and cabinet suppliers can also do this. Once the layout has been agreed upon, they cabinets can be ordered. Manufacturers catalogs give stock numbers and dimensions. A floor plan of the room will indicate the stock numbers and the exact location of upper and lower cabinets. These floor plan drawings show cabinet details are often done in the scale of half-inch equals 1 foot. Upper cabinets, also called wall cabinets, hangi on a wall. Lower cabinets, often called base cabinets, rest on the floor and support the countertops. Framing nailerCompressed air is fed to a pneumatic tool through a high-pressure hose connected to an air compressor. The head and sometimes the handle holds air. Most nailers and staplers operate on pressures of 60 to 120 PS. If the pressure is too low, the fastener may not be driven completely into the workpiece. If the pressure is too high, the fastener may be driven to deep. Excess pressure is also hard on the tool. The operating pressure appropriate for each tool can be found in the owner's manual. Pulling the trigger on the Tool releases the compressed air, which moves a piston in the head of the tool. The piston is attached to a driver blade. When the piston is forced downward, the driver blade strikes the fastener and pushes it into the workpiece at high speed. After the fastener has been driven, the piston retracts, pulling the driver blade with it. When this sequence is complete, another fastener is pushed into place. All the newer nailers and staplers have a two-step firing sequence. This is an important safety feature. The trigger must be pulled and the nose of the piece of the tool must be pressed against the workpiece before the tool can be fired. This helps prevent fasteners from being fired accidentally. Nailers and staplers are available in a variety of sizes that fit a certain type and size of fastener. For example, a nailer designed to drive 16 penny nails cannot be used to drive brads. When choosing a tool for a particular application, first determine the type of size and fastener needed. Then find a tool that will drive that fastener. If the tool is not cordless, you will need to then find an air compressor that will work with it. |
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